Journal: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

Article Title: Immune Modulation by Schistosoma mansoni Antigens in NOD Mice: Effects on Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

doi: 10.1155/2010/795210

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF β modulates the Th2 response to SEA in vitro and in vivo. (a) Treatment of NOD mice with anti-TGF β reduces the Th2 response to SEA in vivo. Female NOD mice (10-11 weeks of age) were injected i.p. with 50 μ g SEA on days 0 and 5, 5 mg anti-TGF β on days 0, 2, and 5, and cells were taken for analysis on day 10. Data shown are from a single experiment using anti-TGF β and SEA. (b) Antibody neutralization of TGF β in vitro diminishes the Th2 response to SEA. Naïve CD4 + T cells (5 × 10 5 ) were cultured for five days with bmDCs (10 5 ) and 0.5 μ g/ml α CD3 in the presence of SEA (10 μ g/ml) and/or anti-TGF β (20 μ g/ml). FACS plots from one of three independent polarization experiments are shown.

Article Snippet: Anti-CD3 ( α CD3) (2C11) and α CD28 (37.51) were obtained from BD Pharmingen.

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Injection, Neutralization, Cell Culture